What is Whooping cough or pertussis?

Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a contagious bacterial infection that targets the lungs and airways, causing an intense cough that can last for weeks. Coughing is often followed by a characteristic “whoop” sound, especially in young children. It spreads through droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Although anyone can catch it, infants are at higher risk for serious complications. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent whooping cough, with routine shots given to children and booster doses recommended for adults, especially for those in close contact with infants.

Source:-NSW Health(University of Technology Sydney)

Reasons

• Whooping cough is caused by a bacterial infection, specifically Bordetella pertussis, which targets the lungs and airways.
• The infection spreads easily through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
• Immunity from vaccines or previous infections wanes over time, leaving people vulnerable to the disease again.
• Infants who have not completed their vaccination series are particularly vulnerable.
• Adults and older children often skip booster shots, leading to weakened community immunity.
• Outbreaks are more frequent in areas with low vaccination rates.
• The possibility of spreading the infection increases in crowded places like schools or public transport.

Symptoms

• Whooping cough usually begins with mild cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose, a slight cough, and a low fever.
• Over time, the coughing becomes more severe, often leading to uncontrollable coughing fits.
• Young children might make a “whooping” sound when they struggle to breathe in.
• Severe coughing spells can sometimes cause vomiting or trouble catching a breath.
• In infants, the disease may cause pauses in breathing rather than severe coughing.
• The intense coughing can last for several weeks and is physically exhausting.
• Even after recovery, a mild cough may linger for weeks or even months.

Treatment 

• Vaccination remains the best defence against whooping cough, with the DTaP vaccine given to children and Tdap boosters recommended for adults.
• Pregnant women are advised to get the Tdap vaccine in their third trimester to pass protection to their newborns.
• Family members and caregivers of infants need to stay vaccinated to lower the risk of spreading the infection.
• Taking antibiotics early can help reduce the severity of the illness and make the individual less contagious.
• Rest and stay hydrated.
• Cough suppressants may not always work but can be used if recommended by a doctor.
• Severe cases in infants may require hospital care, including breathing support.
• In critical situations, oxygen therapy or other forms of breathing assistance might be necessary, particularly for young children.
• Over-the-counter medications for fever and pain relief can be helpful but should be used only under medical guidance.

Disclaimer: The information provided here is intended as general guidelines, and it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider before making any medical decisions or taking action.